The Wool Growers and the London Salesmen. An influential meeting of the representatives of the wool-producing interest in Victoria and Riverina was held at Scott’s Hotel on Thursday. It was convened, by requisition, to consider communications, which were received from England by the last mail, and to renew the agitation for the removal abuses, which the London agents seemed to have made no attempt to reform. Between 70 and 80 gentlemen were present, and the attendance was regarded as an unusually large one. The following, among others, were in the room: – Hon. John O’Shanassy, C.M.G., the Hon. T. McKellar, M.L.C., Messrs. Murphy, jun, George Dill, Robert Patterson, John Cochran, Walter Clark, Samuel Wilson, J. O’Shanassy, Jun., James Osbourne, Henry Loughnan, Chambers, W. Lang, Colin Simson, Myles Patterson, McPherson, Hervey, R. Landale, A. Landale, James Cochran, Godfrey, W. A. Broadribb, K. E. Broadribb, Thomas Baillie, Gwynne, McGuire, Macfarlane, Ricketson, Severne, Simon Fraser, Wilson (of Coree), N. Gilbert, and F. Moore, Dr. McDonald, and Captain Loughnan. Mr. Gwynne was called to the chair. The Chairman said that the requisition, which had been signed by eight gentlemen well known to be deeply interested in the matter they had to consider, would explain the object of the meeting. The meeting had been summoned in consequence of a letter received from London by the last mail, as follows: –

“F. S. Dalgety, Esq., Chairman of the Committee of the Australian Wool Association; Messrs. Dalgety and Ducroz, Lambert-street London – The undersigned producers of wool in the Australian colonies have had brought before us certain abuses which exist in the management of the sale of wool in London, reference to which has been frequently made of late in correspondence from the colonies, and which are more particularly detailed in a circular published in the Melbourne Argus of 23rd April, 1872, and signed by fifty-six of the principal names in Victoria and New South Wales. As no steps have, to our knowledge, been taken in London to meet our wishes in the sale of our produce, we respectfully beg to intimate that we shall not employ any agent or broker who shall not at once agree to the immediate abolition of draft, and will not pledge himself to act as selling broker only. With regard to the other matters alluded to in the circular referred to above, we do not press them at present but leave them to be arranged on a future occasion.” Signed Thomas Livingston Learmonth, And several others.”

He thought they would all acknowledge that no name of greater weight could be attached to any document. (Hear, hear.) When they saw Mr. Thomas Livingston Learmonth’s name at the foot of this notice, they had sufficient reason for now making a stir. He was exceedingly glad to see so many influential persons in attendance.

Mr. Samuel Wilson, of the Wimmera, observed that the meeting had been called in consequence of some correspondence, which had passed between some gentlemen in London and others in the colony. The letters, which arrived by the last mail, were considered by the committee appointed to look over them, and it was thought best to lay them before a full meeting of squatters and woolgrowers, but as the private matters of various firms were mentioned in the letters, it was not thought desirable to make them public. There was a movement in the old country for reform in the sales of wool. We had already done a good deal on this side of the water, and it was to be hoped we should be able to do as much on the other side. The question of draft had been considered here and abolished, and what we wanted was to have it abolished in London, so as to have the full value of the wool, instead of 1 per cent taken off. He believed that if pressure were brought to bear, their object would be carried out, and therefore be moved- “That in consequence of a movement in London amongst the Australian woolgrowers, having for its objects the abolition of draft on wool sold in London, and other reforms in the sale of wool, this meeting pledges itself to support by every legitimate means the objects referred to.” Mr. Alexander Learmonth seconded the motion, which was carried unanimously.

News and Notes. The inhabitants of Egerton were honored last week with a visit of the Rev. J. B. Power, who came to this colony about six weeks ago, from England, for the benefit of his health. The rev. gentleman, who is at present on a visit at Ercildoun with Mr S. Learmonth on Thursday last, for the double purpose of delivering an address to the inhabitants of the place and of seeing the mine belonging to Messrs Learmonth. A public meeting was held in the Church of England at 8 p.m., Mr Learmonth was voted to the chair. After the singing of a hymn prayers were offered up by Mr A. W. Caffin, the indefatigable minister of the church. The Rev. Mr Power then took for his subject the 15th chapter of St. Luke, from the 11th to the 15th verses, which he did full justice to in a very impressive and earnest manner for over three quarters of an hour. The church was filled with attentive hearers. At the close of the address a large collection was made, which will be given over for the purpose of augmenting the funds of the Sunday-school connected with the church. On Friday morning, Mr Power, accompanied by Mr Learmonth and Mr Baily, the manager of the mine, explored the mine and witnessed the washing up and smelting of the gold taken out of the mine during the past week. Both visitors left for Ercildoun in the afternoon well pleased with their visit to Egerton. Before leaving Egerton, Mr Power (who is the author of several good books) promised to forward to Mr Caffin a present of several books and tracts to be added to the library belonging to the Sunday school.

The Learmonth Social Gatherings. “On Tuesday, 11th March, the Union Jack flying from the tower of Ercildoun House denoted that the fifteenth anniversary of the picnic and sports would be commemorated that day. About ten o’clock a.m. vehicles of every description poured in from the various parts of the surrounding country with their human freight, and by twelve o’clock about 250 had sat down to a sumptuous dinner (the fair sex being fairly in the ascendant), and did justice to the goodly things provided. The spread was excellent, and, in variety, could not be surpassed, and reflected credit upon Mr Thomas Harris, the butler, who hitherto, as caterer, distinguished himself, but on this occasion quite eclipsed his previous efforts. After dinner various sports were begun, some taking to kiss in the ring, others to racing, and others to dancing on the green. There was some vigorously contested quoit matches, and the sack race, as usual, caused no end of merriment, as many of the competitors came to grief. Then there were children’s races, which were largely patronized by both sexes, which caused great amusement. The day’s sports were wound up with a pig race, which created much laughter. The pig made various tacks, followed in close pursuit by the crowd, and managed to elude his pursuers for a considerable time, until he was doubled, and fell a victim to one of his tormentors. All now sat down and partook of tea, after which the assemblage formed in procession, preceded by office-bearers, and carrying banners on which were inscribed emblematic mottoes for the occasion. Having arrived at the lawn in front of the house, Mr Hain in a neat speech, on behalf of the assemblage, thanked Mr S. Livingstone Learmonth for the kind and hospitable manner in which he had so generously entertained them, to which Mr Learmonth gave a suitable reply. Three cheers were given for Mr and Mrs Learmonth. The shades of evening were by this time beginning to close over us, and those from afar made to their respective vehicles, attended by those who were engaged on the estate, and said ‘good-night’ with that reciprocity of mutual good feeling which characterized one and all throughout the day, without a hitch having taken place to mar their happiness. In the evening all the in and out-door servants collected together in the servants’ hall, where a lottery bag, with a variety of fancy goods, was waiting for the females to prospect with. Too much praise cannot be bestowed upon the Messrs Learmonth for their kindness and generosity, not only to their servants, but their charity to the different institutions in and around the Ballarat district.”

THE “BUS” Papers. I am sorry the autumn agricultural shows are nearly over. I don’t know, or indeed care, whether they do any good or not, but they afford subject matter for very pleasant reading. The last report I gloated over was that of the Ballarat show, where I found that the following prizes were given, and met as I give them, in a string: – “Bonedust: 10s., J. McM. Superphosphate: 10s. do do. Sample of tatting: 10s. Miss A.G.” At first sight, and taking the item in connection with the other two, I fancied that “tatting” must have had something more to less to do with ‘taters;’ but this was mistake. On consulting a great agricultural authority, I found it was an art by mean of which young ladies wasted much time and much thread in the manufacture of articles of wearing apparel, which turn “all of a heap” after the very first washing. Of course, Mr. McM. would never have exhibited his bonedust unless certain of winning so valuable a prize; but this is not nearly so laughable as the idea of the same society tendering those Ercildoun millionaires, Messrs. T. and S. Learmonth, with another half-sovereign for a sample of pickles. If the society fail, in advancing the agricultural interest, it certainly will not be due to the fact that they do not shake sugar on the tails of the exhibitors.

Advertisement. At the Corporation Cattle-yards. Messrs Learmonth’s Pure Merino Ewes. Hepburn and Leonard, instructed by Messrs. T. and S. Learmonth, Ercildoun, will sell by Auction, as above, in lots to suit purchasers – 400 Pure Merino Ewes – Dry, sound mouthed, and in excellent condition. A very superior lot for breeding from, being cast ewes, and not culls.

Australian Telegrams. New South Wales, Sydney. Saturday. The judges of the wool show have delivered their awards. Mr. Learmonth, of Ercildoun, takes the first prizes for washed, combing, greasy, best bale wool washed on sheep’s back, and champion prize for twelve best fleeces. Mr. Fisher, of Adelaide, wins the Gibson Cup, and the prize for six rams’ fleeces.

At the Agricultural Society of New South Wales, in the Preserved and Dried Fruits Section – “A case of crystallised fruit, shown by Mr. Learmonth of Ercildoune, is the most noticeable object in the class.”

New South Wales. Excerpts – The Exhibition was opened this morning by the Governor, with the due formalities. The wool judges have completed their duty and published the prize-list. Mr. Learmonth, who took five prizes, carried off the honours in every section in which he exhibited. He had, however, a close run for the champion prize for the most valuable 12 fleeces, Mr. Gibson, of Tasmania, pressing him hard. The prize for washed wool, also gained against Mr. Gibson, was thoroughly well deserved. The Mudgee breeders have held aloof from the show, much to the regret of those who wish to see a fair and thorough comparison of Australasian wools. But they are, unfortunately, a little jealous about competing with each other, and perhaps still more sensitive about competing with Mr. Learmonth…

Advertisement. 1 July 1873. At the John Bull Yards, Adelaide. Instructions from C. B. Fisher, Esq. to sell by auction 7 Heavy Draught Entires – Sovereign, Master Cox, Highlander, Thorn, Chanticleer, Desperado and Beaufort. Four of the dams were bred by Mr. Learmonth, namely Queen, Rose, Queen Pippin and Madge Wildfire. The quality of Mr. C. B. Fisher’s Draught Stud is now so well recognized that comment is unnecessary.

Agricultural and Pastoral Intelligence. One of the most eminent breeders of sheep in the colonies, and certainly the most successful (says the Pastoral Times) in Victoria, has aparently fallen back on Mudgee for first-class sires in the shape of rams. A late issue of the Singleton Times says: – “Lately we had the pleasure of inspecting two pure-bred ‘merino rams’ that have been selected from the stud flock of N. P. Bayly, Esq., of Havilah, and purchased by Messrs King and Cuningham, stock and station agents, Bourke street, Melbourne, for a client, at the following high figures: – No. 1, first-class pure merino ram, 5 years, 300 guineas; No. 2, first-class pure merino ram, 4 years, 150 guineas.” The two rams above mentioned recently arrived at Groongal station, district of Hay, have passed on to Echuca, and are intended, we hear, for the stud at Ercildoun, in Victoria. Possibly Mr Learmonth is about to try an experiment, and use the splendid animals thus bought of Messrs. Bayly with some of the very best of the Learmonth ewes at famed Ercildoun. This gentleman works quietly (like all men that are really earnest in solving a difficult problem) in seeking to discover whether Bayly’s best sheep are preferable to Learmonth’s Al. This incident is likely to put those breeders in Riverina on their mettle, who have fought all along in the contest for pre-eminence in regard to best and most profitable fleeces.

News and Notes. The beautiful property of Ercildoun, the seat of our earliest pioneers, the Learmonths, is, we notice, advertised for sale in August next. Mr T. L. Learmonth, who left here over five years ago, has, we believe, finally decided to live out the remainder of his well-spent life on the family estate near Falkirk, in Scotland. This may have something to do with the sale of Ercildoun, but in any case we trust there is no likelihood of the estate passing away from its original owners, or of the removal of Mr Somerville L. Learmonth, its present occupant, from our neighborhood.

Stock and Stations. Important Preliminary Notice. Ercildoun Estate. Consisting of 26,825 (Twenty-six thousand Eight Hundred and Twenty-five) acres. Freehold, And 26,000 (Twenty-six Thousand) Sheep, Of the Well-known Ercildoun Blood, King and Cuningham have received instructions from Messrs. T. and S. Learmonth, to Offer for sale by Public Auction, at Menzies’ Hotel, On Friday, the 22nd day of August, next, the above splendid property.

The Havilah Sheep. A few issues back we announced that Mr. N. P. Bayly, J.P., of Havilah, Mudgee, had sold to a Melbourne buyer (whose name had not transpired), two high-priced rams. A good deal of speculation as to who was the purchaser was evinced in these parts. It now turns out that the buyers were Messrs. Learmonth, the celebrated sheep breeders, of Ercildoun, Victoria. As a southern paper remarks: – “This is certainly an exquisite compliment paid to our New South Wales premier breeder by the premier breeder of Victoria; an acknowledgement that Mr. Bayly can produce stock able to improve those pronounced already to be on the point of perfection.” Dubbo Dispatch, 4th July.

The Sale of Ercildoune. Next week an event is to occur in the stock-breeding world which demands more than the passing notice of a paragraph, or the advertisement of an auctioneer. The estate of Ercildoun is to be submitted to the highest bidder, and what seems to us of great national importance is that before our next issue the flocks of the Messrs Learmonth will have fallen into other hands. These gentlemen occupy a position in this colony similar to that held by the late Bakewell, of New Leicester celebrity, and equal to that of the Bates’, and Booths, of the short-horn world. Like Bakewell, they have formed a new breed, or, to be more exact, a new variety of the merino type. The one found the Leicester sheep of Britain an inferior animal; he left it an immensely improved breed, so much so that it was named the new Leicester. The Learmonths found the merino of Victoria – or rather say the Tasmanian merino, as was from thence they brought their original sheep – an inferior animal they leave it with us without a rival. We may fairly term the Ercildoun sheep a new type of merino. Fortunately for the colony there are other breeders, whose names are familiar to us, on the same track, pursuing the same course. How many of our very best flocks trace back in a great degree to Ercildoun blood! Which of the Australian colonies is not indebted to the persevering sagacity of the Learmonths? Twenty-five or more years ago the rams sold by these gentlemen were, if not the best, among the highest classes. They were then at the top of the tree; with little or no diminution since that time they have remained firmly fixed on the very topmost height of the merino sheep-breeding world. In shows of sheep they won the chief prizes. In exhibitions of wool they bore the palm. At the London wool sales they topped the market. Once now and again other wools would reach prices equal to theirs – nay, in isolated cases, even surpass them – but this was only temporary. The Messrs Learmonth would buckle on their armour and win the fight. A Currie, a Shaw, or a Cumming might push them hard at the great shows of merinos at Skipton, and beat them too. A Simson or a Dowling might take a champion prize from them; but, as a rule, they won the bulk of the highest prizes. The year before last we find them taking five of the only six possible prizes. Last year not so many. With judges from Tasmania, Riverina, from the far west, and from near Skipton itself, it mattered not, they were sure to win. Look at the exhibition of wools in London, open to all the world, and judged by the best of all judges. Of Messrs Learmonth’s wool they say: “The finest bale of wool we ever saw” – the exhibition bales selling for the highest price ever realized for Victorian wool – 4s 8d per lb. for one bale, and 4s 6d for the other, the next in order reaching 4s 1d. Again, if Victoria wishes to show well with our sister colonies, to Sydney goes the Ercildoun wool, and by their own judges – antagonistic judges, if it is possible to conceive such things among experts – the Messrs Learmonth carry off all the best prizes; they win in a canter. Is not the selling of such stock one of national moment? Who can step into the shoes of such men?

“It is not in merino sheep alone that Ercildoun has been pre-eminent. The breeders of draught horses remember the names of Bothwell and Wrestler, imported by the Messrs Learmonth. They had the best draught mares, and had the very highest-class stock till they parted with them to make more room for the merino. Of Hereford cattle these gentlemen have the very choicest. Had they turned their attention to short horns then would our Morton and Macdougalls, our Blacks, Robertsons, and Wares have had foremen worthy of their steel. Whether in sheep, horses, or cattle the Messrs Learmonth have proved themselves worthy followers of illustrious names, and men of whom this colony ought to be proud and sorry to lose. It may well be asked how is it that where there are so many breeders at work with equal skill and perseverance Ercildoun remains at the top, retains its carefully obtained prestige? An answer is, that for so very long a time – nearly, if not entirely, thirty years – there has been a pure flock on that property. Other breeders have not this great advantage; but the chief answer to the question is – the land on which those pure sheep run. The climate, the soil, the position, or a something about this place makes it one of, if not the finest breeding place for merinos in this colony. The Messrs Learmonth are men for progress, they had the means, the skill, the perseverance, and the country. They had the best sheep in the best country. The fat wethers from this land frequently sold higher than superior cross-bred sheep, and nearly always topped the market for merinos. This means chiefly the goodness of country, and secondarily, good management. The reasons the Ercildoun wool sells so well are that it is well-bred, well-grown, well-fed, and perfectly washed. To one who loves his country it must be a serious subject of thought – Will Ercildoun fall into the hands of a progressive man, one who will keep up and improve the standard of excellence of its flocks? Or will it go to one who by neglect or trying vain experiments will degrade the stock to those of a common order? Let us hope for the best. In the meantime, let us pay a tribute of respect, a richly-deserved eulogy on those gentlemen, the Messrs Learmonth, who, as employers of labor in developing the mining resources of the colony, as men of probity and honor, and as pioneers of this country devoting themselves to the improvement of our flocks and herds, are worthy the incitation and highest regards of all true Victorians.”

Ercildoun and Its Flocks. Excerpts – Upon this beautiful country the Learmonths “squatted,” and in the 36 years they have lived at Ercildoun they have succeeded in attracting towards the name of the family and their seat, something of that respect which the great landed gentry of England count upon as part of their inheritance. It came, therefore, to many as a shock, when they saw the announcement that Ercildoun was to be sold. We had begun to look upon the Livingstone Learmonth family as the first of those landed proprietors, who being where they are, lords of large tracts of fine land, would sooner or later work out the problem whether such neighbors could here, as in the old land at home, influence and bind together the rural populations of our district. The 27,000 acres of land, or thereabouts, forming the Ercildoun estate is a principality which many a prince would think himself a prince indeed if he possessed. Of the quality of the land we need say little. Of the flocks depasturing thereon we can say much.

The first sheep introduced in 1838 to Ercildoun run were from a very superior flock well known in Tasmania, but it was not until 1848 that the pure Ercildoun flock was established. The progenitors of this flock had been imported from Germany, and the flock, when it was transferred to Ercildoun, was warranted to be free from intermixture with baser blood. It was not very promising in appearance. Many of the sheep were light in fleece, small in carcass, and of that angular form which all graziers know indicates the reverse of an aptitude to fatten. But it was pure. It was bout the year 1846 or 1847 that Mr Thomas Shaw came to Victoria. Having had a thorough knowledge of wool from his boyhood, and being an enthusiast himself, he tried to impress upon all interested in sheep that it required no more grass to feed a sheep with a good and heavy fleece, than one which produced a fleece which is light and of little value. He then introduced a system of classing, retaining for breeding purposes the superior animals, and rejecting to be fattened those of less profitable character. At first he had not many supporters, but Mr Currie, of Larra, Mr Thomas Livingstone Learmonth, of Ercildoun, and a few others went heart and hand into his scheme, and the result of his skill was so soon made manifest that before long he had more demands upon his time than he could satisfy. His sons inherited their father’s energy and skill, and it is not too much to say that it is chiefly owing to their influence that the merino wool of Victoria and Riverina has attained its present high degree of excellence. Indeed, we have heard Mr Somerville Livingstone- Learmonth himself assert that Messrs Thos. Shaw, senior and junior, “regenerated Victoria,” and we can well believe it.

In cattle, the white-faced Hereford has been the distinguishing feature of the Ercildoun herd. The nucleus of the herd was obtained from the Cressy Company, in Tasmania, about thirty years ago, some splendid sires having been introduced from England at suitable intervals. As workers they arrive at an enormous size, as those can testify who have seen them in the streets of Ballarat, and we are informed that some of the fatted bullocks have reached the enormous weight of 1400 lb.

The fine station property near Ballarat known as Ercildoun, belonging to Messrs. Learmonth, who are about to visit Europe, was offered for sale yesterday afternoon by Messrs. King and Cuningham, at Menzies’ Hotel.

The Argus (Melbourne, Vic.) 25 August 1873, The Australasian (Melbourne,, Vic.) 30 August 1873 and The Maitland & Hunter River General Advertiser (NSW) 2 September 1873 repeated the story from The Ballarat Star on The Ercildoun Sheep.
Excerpt – It was well known that for centuries the Spaniards were very jealous of parting with any of the merinos, passing laws prohibiting their exportation, with heavy penalties. As a favour the Elector of Saxony received a few, and having proved their suitability to the country, he arranged for a larger number. This importation into Germany of such sheep was the chief means by which Spain lost its position as a great wool-exporting country. Germany gradually monopolized the trade with England, and the introduction of the merino into Australia has caused another revolution in the wool trade of the world; these colonies now sending to the home markets more than all the German and Spanish produce added! It is remarkable that in the pure sheep of Ercildoun we have the offspring of the self-same sheep which gave the wool trade to Germany, and which has added so much to the high position Victoria has taken in the present production of wool. While this pure flock of Ercildoun has been kept pure, it has not been bred in and in.

Telegrams This Day. Death of Detective Powell. New Candidate for Mudgee. Municipal Movement at Gulgong. The Premier at Carcoar. The Melbourne Bookmakers for Randwick. The Affray with Blacks at the Etheridge River. Scarlet Fever at Brisbane. THE ‘Ercildoun’ Station.

Telegraphic Messages Victoria. Melbourne, August 25 The Ercildoun estate has been sold privately to Mr. Wilson, of the Wimmera District.

Squatting Property in Victoria. – The station, near Ballarat, known as Ercildoun, the property of Messrs. Learmonth, was offered for sale on the 22nd instant…

Ercildoun Station, Victoria. Our Melbourne telegram in last Wednesday’s issue stated that the above station had been privately sold for nearly a quarter of a million sterling. The Melbourne Argus of August 23 says: – The fine station property near Ballarat known as Ercildoun, belonging to Messrs Learmonth, who are about to visit Europe, was offered for sale yesterday afternoon by Messrs King and Cunningham, at Menzies’ Hotel. The estate comprises 26,695 acres, with dwelling-house, wool-shed, fencing, and other improvements, and carries at present 32,528 sheep and lambs, 966 head of cattle, and 29 horses. The improvements and stock were valued at £47,947, and the purchaser of the landed estate would, according to conditions of sale, have to purchase them at that valuation, in addition to the price of the land. There was a very large attendance, it was said the largest and most representative in wealth that has been seen at any sale in Melbourne. A few minutes after the reading of the legal documents had commenced, it was difficult to squeeze into the large room at Menzies’, and it was thought that the bidding would reach a quarter of a million, but those who expected spirited bidding were disappointed. The land was to be sold at so much an acre, and the bidding started at £5 per acre. It was stated that the estate would probably be privately sold at the upset price within a day or two.

Agricultural and Station Memoranda. The Ballarat Star gives a long history of the celebrated Ercildoun sheep, which illustrates in a marked manner the profitableness of careful breeding.

The Ercildoun Estate. The Messrs. Learmonth having resolved to settle in Europe, have sold their valuable estate of Ercildoun. The following particulars of the auction are from our Melbourne correspondent: – “The sale was announced by Messrs. King and Cuningham to take place on Friday, at Menzies’ hotel, Melbourne, at half-past two o’clock. Considerably before that hour, however, the room was densely crowded, and when the auctioneer proceeded to read the conditions of sale, not only were all the avenues of the hotel and the doorways leading to the auction room blocked up by the curious in speculative investments, but the windows looking into Bourke street were raised by outsiders who had failed to gain admittance to the hotel. Altogether, probably, the muster may be set down at 500. It was an interesting assemblage, for it comprised bankers, merchants, wool-brokers, squatters, men who had had stations and lost them, men without stations and wanting to buy them, big capitalists and small dealers, the ‘old identity’ and the ‘new iniquity,’ hardy old pioneers whose wealth has grown with the growth of the country, and perfumed dons of a later epoch who are better acquainted with the Collins street block than with dipping or shearing; solicitors, some having an immediate, others a remote interest in the sale. The conditions of sale took fully half an hour to read. At last the real work of the day commenced by several bids of £5 per acre, followed immediately by an advance of 10s. There was no longer to be heard the jingling of champagne glasses. Buyers and non-buyers kept their attention steadfastly fixed upon the auctioneer. Nearly five minutes elapsed before ‘£6 per acre for this magnificent and improving property’ rang forth from the gentleman upon the table. Who bid it was difficult to determine in such a dense crowd for no utterance could be heard, and only the auctioneer was capable of determining where the offers came from. Now £6 5s was announced, the bid being dwelt upon lingeringly, hopefully, as before; then £6 10s followed, and, after a similar interval, came £6 15s, and this was the last offer. Vain were the appeals, impotent the glowing description of what a magnificent property was about to pass away from its owners, clearly no one present intended going further, and at last, realizing the fact, the auctioneer announced that it was bought in for the owners at £9 per acre. The general gossip in the room was to the effect that the competition fell short of what was expected, and that, considering the increased value of station property, the reserve of £9 per acre was a reasonable one.” Some few days afterwards the estate, comprising an area of 26,695a Or 13p, dwelling-house, &c., and all other improvements thereon, together with 32,538 sheep, 979 head of cattle, horses, implements, stores, and other goods and chattels, upon the estate, were sold to Mr. Samuel Wilson, of the Wimmera, the price being near the original upset. This district and the colony lose in the Messrs Learmonth very valuable colonists, famous for their enterprise, integrity, and liberality.

Our Melbourne Letter. Excerpt – One of the questions looming in the future, and which is destined to occupy the public mind probably during the next general election is a revision of our system of taxation. The last two or three great agitations have been over the revision of our tariff in the interest, as supposed, of local manufactures. Now, however, the tendency in men’s minds is rather towards the abolition of Customs duties and the imposition of a fairer amount of taxation on acquired property. During the recent discussions in the Assembly on the action of the Upper House in refusing to pass the Reform Bill of the Assembly, Mr. Higinbotham sounded the key-note of this new agitation, and it met with a pretty general and favourable echo from both sides of the House. The animus, which prompted the allusion to the proposed change, was of course palpable. The members of the Council are treated as the possessors and representatives of the landed wealth of the colony, and Mr. Higinbotham desires to reach them in that way, which shall make them feel the punishment most severely. A part from this immediate moving cause, however, there is a strong and growing feeling in favour of the direct taxation of property, for the proposing of which, before it was ripe three years ago, Sir James McCulloch was driven from office. Incidental to this discussion, allusion has been made to the manifest tendency here, as in England, of property to accumulate in few hands. One gentleman’s name has been mentioned as the owner of a million sheep running over his own and the public lands, and who has just added to his estates by the purchase of another at the price of £250,000. This latter is the sum which Mr. Learmonth, one of our oldest settlers in the Ballarat district, realizes for his well-known estate of Ercildoun, besides the product of other smaller properties. The case might have been mentioned of a near neighbor of Mr. Learmonth’s who has recently refused £200,000 for his freehold estate, with the stock now depasturing upon it.

General News. The Purchaser of Ercildoun – The purchase by Mr. Samuel Wilson, of Ercildoun, and all of the splendid sheep, bred there by Messrs. Learmonth, promises great things for Riverina, where Mr. Wilson has a very large quantity of station property. He will, no doubt, import into the saltbush country some of the choice sheep of his new purchase. Mr. Wilson owns, we believe, a greater number of sheep than any other settler in Riverina, and we ought never to forget the change for the better in the country, principally brought about by the Wilsons, Learmonths, Cochrane, and other settlers from over the Murray. They have all done well out of the broad lands of Riverina, and they deserved to do so, for they were extensive and liberal employers of labor – they did, in fact, revolutionise squatting matters in these parts by their science, zeal, and capital, neither of which they spared. It was these gentlemen who first introduced fencing-in the runs here, which, more than any other cause, was the salvation of pastoral matters amongst us. We hear that the whole of the property, known as Ercildoun, including land, houses, stock, &c., fetched £250,000, which is the largest sum given for any one station in the Australian colonies. – Pastoral Times, Aug. 30.

The Western District Pastoral and Agricultural Society’s Annual Show. “The absence of the Messrs Learmonth from the grounds this year for the first time seemed to leave a blank, although their places were filled by Mr Wilson, who may be styled the squatting king of the Western district. The Ercildoun flock has not been so successful in prize-taking this year, but the blood is all there.”

Excerpt – The announcement that the estate of Ercildoun, near Ballarat, the property of Messrs. Learmonth, and the Lillirie estate, also in the same district, would be put up for sale by public auction, at Menzie’s Hotel, on Friday afternoon, drew a very large assemblage of capitalists and others interested in station property. Altogether between 400 and 500 persons were present at the sale, and champagne flowed copiously to the music of the auctioneer, who descanted in glowing terms upon Ercildoune and its surroundings.

Town Talk. The Ballarat Post regrets to learn that Mr S. L. Learmonth is very seriously indisposed. It believes that gentleman is suffering from inflammation of the lungs and great general debility, brought on by exposure to the weather and bodily exertion in giving delivery of his estate, lately purchased by Mr S. Wilson. Dr King, his medical adviser, is in close attendance upon him at Ercildoun.

The Land. Although the Learmonth Estate, Ercildoun, has passed into other hands, the name of The Brothers Learmonth will ever stand associated with the progress of Australia. Although settled in Victoria their influence was not confined to that colony. The Australian colonies all participated in the effects of their skill and enterprise. When looking down o the lake district of Burrumbeet, beyond the Loddin, in the year 1837, being the first explorers of that part, they could little have presaged the great reputation to which the country on which they squatted would be raised by their efforts. The fame of Ercildoun has spread beyond Australia, and there is scarcely a colonist but will read of its passing into other hands without regret. There is not a finer estate in Victoria than the 27,000 acres that bears the name of the old keep on the Scottish Border, historically associated with the Learmonth family, and was recently sold for a sum which affords the late possessors a princely reward for their enterprise. The narrative of the Learmonth settlement forms one of the most interesting pages in the history of the colony, and never should be lost. How the early explorers fought their way through and over difficulties and finally established themselves, and founded flocks and herds of high celebrity, are facts of which a country should be proud and scrupulously careful. We intend to give some of the details that are to be found in the journals of the day, for the purpose of making our columns bear witness to the incomparable energy and foresight of the brothers Thomas of the brothers Thomas Livingstone Learmonth and S. Livingstone Learmonth…with information also from the Ballarat Star.

Mr. S. L. Learmonth, is somewhat better, the acute pain the chest from which he was suffering being slightly diminished.

We noticed on Saturday the arrival of a large number of valuable merinos, from Mr Currie’s Larra flock, Victoria. By the City of Brisbane yesterday, Messrs. Kent and Wienholt received forty-nine ewes and eight rams from the celebrated Ercildoun flock of Messrs. Learmonth, in the same colony. It will have been noticed that the Ercildoun property recently changed hands for the enormous sum of a quarter of a million, and some idea of the cause of such an immense sum having been given for a comparatively small property may be formed from the fact that the fifty-seven sheep just imported by Messrs. Kent and Wienholt, cost £1300 landed at this port. The Ercildoun sheep have long stood unrivalled as the merino par excellence of Australia. Those just imported are from the pure stud, bred in by Messrs. Learmonth without any interchange of blood whatever for the last thirty years. Amongst the number purchased by Messrs. Kent and Wienholt is a ram, which took high honors at the principal ram show in Victoria. They are now located at the Quarantine Grounds.

Mr Somerville Learmonth, of Ercildoun, has been, and still is, ill. His ailment is chronic, and his medical adviser recommends removal to a warmer climate. In the departure of this long-settled family the district loses one source of constant aid to all works of charity and public good.

Testimonial to Messrs. Learmonth. On Friday last Messrs Cameron, Wrigley, Long, Claxton, and Scott (presidents of the Hospital, Benevolent Asylum, Mechanics’ Institute, and Free Library, respectively) proceeded to Ercildoun for the purpose of presenting an address from the several committees of management, to the Messrs Learmonth, previous to their departure from the district. On arriving at the family mansion, the delegates were received by Mr Livingstone Learmonth, and introduced in a formal manner by Mr Henry Davies, hon. Secretary of the address committee, who read the following address, which was presented by Mr Cameron: –

“To Thomas and Somerville Learmonth, Esqrs., Ercildoun. Gentlemen – We, the presidents on behalf of the committees of management of the charitable and literary institutions of Ballarat, having heard with extreme regret of your intended departure from amongst us, feel that we should be wanting in our duty and deficient in gratitude if we allowed this opportunity to pass without in some measure testifying to your well-known benevolence. Your liberal and timely donations have been of the utmost benefit in themselves; it is, however, the powerful influence for good, which you have always exercised and the social duties, which you have so consistently exemplified, that we specially desire to acknowledge. We know with what gentleness of heart and singleness of purpose you have ever responded to the calls of the maimed, the poor, and the fatherless; and we believe that the reward, which you will hereafter receive, will be far higher than we can venture to predict. In conclusion, we sincerely trust that God, in His providence, may bless both you and yours wherever you may go, and bestow upon you long life, happiness, and prosperity to continue in the exercise of the noble work of charity. We remain, gentlemen, yours faithfully – W. Cameron, president of the Hospital; R. Wrigley, president Benevolent Asylum; J. Long, president Orphan Asylum; F. M. Claxton, president Mechanics’ Institute; W. Scott, president Free Library; Henry Davies, hon. Secretary. Ballarat, 3rd October.

To which Mr Learmonth, in a feeling manner, replied as follows: To the presidents of the Hospital, Benevolent Asylum, Orphan Asylum, Mechanics’ Institute, and Free Library, Ballarat – Gentlemen, I find it difficult to acknowledge in suitable terms the kindly feelings which are expressed in your address; but it will be very gratifying to my brothers, as it is to me, to be assured that our endeavors to ameliorate the condition of our afflicted brethren have been counted an encouragement by you, our fellow-workers, and that by making common cause with you for the good of others we have evoked those feeling of kindness and goodwill which you have so delicately expressed. Personally, I feel that I have but small claim to this proof of your esteem, as I have done little more than continue the arrangements of my predecessors. Let me assure you, gentlemen, of my best wishes for the prosperity of the institutions over which you respectively preside, and for your own individual happiness – I am, gentlemen, very faithfully yours, S. Livingstone LEARMONTH.”

After partaking of luncheon, the visitors were treated with a rare sight. While the company were at luncheon the water in the English trout breeding-ponds had been allowed to run off, so that when the party arrived there the first sight that presented itself was about twenty brown trout floundering at the bottom in about 6 inches of water. The sight would have rejoiced the heart of old Izaak Walton had he been there. As it was, two of his disciples, who were present, became so excited that they did not restrain themselves, but leaped over the wire fence surrounding the pond, and had the satisfaction of tickling and handling one glorious fellow about 3½ lb. in weight. Thanks to those who interested themselves in pisciculture, the time is not far distant when lovers of the rod will have an opportunity of throwing a fly in this district. Leaving the fish-ponds, the visitors then proceeded to the wool shed, where they were shown the washing of some sheep on the hot and cold water principles, assorting wools, &c., &c. the process being fully and clearly explained by Mr Wilson, the new master of Ercildoun, who kindly undertook this task. After spending about an hour in inspecting the garden and grounds, and while preparations were making a start for home, Mr Scott in thanking Mr Learmonth for his hospitality said that although the citizens of Ballarat were about losing the best of neighbors, he had not doubt their places would be worthily filled by their successor, to the latter sentiment all heartily responded. Mr Wilson thanked those present for their good wishes and high opinions, but he feared that in succeeding the Messrs Learmonth he would fare badly by comparison. However, he hoped shortly to make the acquaintance of the people of Ballarat, as he intended to spend a large portion of his time at Ercildoun, where he would endeavor to prove himself a good neighbor. The words “all aboard” being given, the delegates drove away for home, after spending a very pleasant day in the pursuit of a most worthy object.

Ballarat. The hall of the Ballarat Shire Council, at Learmonth, was last night the place selected for bidding a public farewell to one of the best of Victorian colonists, Mr. S. L. Learmonth, late of Ercildoun, who is about to leave the colony for ever. As he said himself, he had known Learmonth for nearly 35 years, and was therefore fully impressed with the extraordinary transformation, which had been made to the place, since he first settled down upon it, and he was also identified with nearly every great stride in advance that had been taken. It was this fact that induced so many of the people of Learmonth to meet him for the last time last night to wish him a kind affectionate farewell; but from what the chairman said it appeared he and others had great difficulty in getting Mr. Learmonth to consent to be present, because his health was not yet fully restored, and because he had an objection, chiefly owing to his health, to public speaking. Mr. Gunn, president of the shire council, occupied the chair, and a large number of gentlemen attended. After the dinner had been disposed of the usual loyal toasts followed. Then followed the toast of the guest, in proposing which the chairman paid a high compliment to the worth of that gentleman and of all the family, as being liberal in all their views and liberal in all their acts, and exceedingly free in their charity, making no distinction between any sets or nationalities, when cases of destitution or of affliction were laid before them, and being also always ready to support with equal liberality all measure likely to promote the public welfare. The family, he said, had by skill and industry acquired great wealth, but they had given ample proofs how well they deserved it; and though they were about to leave not to return, the memory of their kindness and benevolence would remain green in the hearts of the friends they had left. The toast was drunk with rather more than all the honours. In responding, Mr. Learmonth remarked upon the combined feelings of pain and pleasure which he experience; pain at finding he was about for ever to leave a place so much endeared to him, and friends who had long been intimate with him; and pleasure at seeing so many of those friends expressing so sincerely their friendship for him, and their regret at his departure.

Farewell to Ercildoun. Our Learmonth correspondent writes: – “It is painful and sad to sever old ties and associations, but such has to be done at times, and yet after the severance reminiscences of the past tend to assuage the feeling. On Tuesday last, at Ercildoun, there was a great gathering of employees on the estate, assembled to bid adieu to Mr and Mrs S. L. Learmonth, and do them honor prior to their departure from their old home – a spot as picturesque and charming as they are likely to meet with, even in the bonny hills of Scotland. Over one hundred of the employees assembled at seven o’clock p.m. in the large hall of Ercildoun House for the purpose of taking a last farewell to Mr Learmonth and family. The proceedings commenced by singing the well-known hymn, “Shall we gather at the river,” followed by a few appropriate remarks from Mr Knox, missionary on the station. An address was then read and presented to Mrs Learmonth by Mrs Breslyn on behalf of the married women on the station, which was also backed up by Mrs Kerr making in their name a presentation of a handsome case of jewellery supplied by Mr T. P. Gerrard, of Lydiard street, Ballarat, and suitably engrossed in remembrance of Ercildoun. On behalf of the male employees, Mr Harris read to Mr Learmonth a suitable address, after which, one of Mr Learmonth’s oldest servants, Mr John Hether, who has been in the employ as shepherd for upwards of thirty years, presented Mr Learmonth with an elegant silver double inkstand, supplied by Mr Kilpatrick, of Collins Street, Melbourne, as a token of esteem and remembrance. The testimonial, which was subscribed by the employees, bore the following inscription: – ‘A souvenir from the employees on Ercildoun Estate, to S. Livingstone Learmonth, 20th November, 1873.’ Mr Learmonth, on behalf of Mrs Learmonth and himself, then very touchingly replied, referring to the tokens of good feeling thus manifested. The company then sat down to a sumptuous dinner provided for the occasion, and after it had been done justice to, each person was presented with an appropriate gift. An adjournment was then made to the servants’ hall, where Terpsichore presided for many hours. Mr Learmonth and family quitted (typo?) Ercildoun on Thursday. (*Terpsichore in Greek Mythology is one of the 9 muses and goddess of dance and chorus.)

Agricultural and Pastoral Intelligence. The great heats of the past week have only been moderated by an occasional lowering of the temperature and unfulfilled promises of rain. Danger from bushfires has been added to the farmer’s troubles, and what with this and prematurely ripened crops, the harvest prospects in some places are not of the brightest kind. Our Learmonth correspondent writes: “Regarding the crops and harvest prospects I am actually puzzled what to say. I meet a farmer one day and he tells me that the extraordinary heat prevailing will tell on his crop to the extent of 10 bushels per acre. Next day I am in company with the leading farmer of the district, who in very plain and simple language informs me that up to date, he can calculate his loss at £500. Again, I obtain more encouraging reports from the Ercildoun side, where from the nature of the soil, and from my own observation, the crop is right. The land about that locality is undoubtedly the best in the district, having a splendid sub-soil and is so well protected by the surrounding ranges, that the farmer, with due precaution, cannot fail in reaping a harvest for himself.”

Complimentary Banquet to Mr S. L. Learmonth. Mr Somerville Livingstone Learmonth, late of Ercildoun, was entertained at a complimentary banquet on Friday evening, 12th December, in the Ballarat Hall at Learmonth. The occasion, as all in the district are aware, was one to be viewed in the light of a public farewell, for persons from all parts of the Ballarat district and from distant places attended at the hall, to demonstrate by their presence the esteem in which they held the guest. The hall was brilliantly decorated with flags and evergreens, and the tables shown off with bouquets of flowers. The chair was occupied by Mr D. Gunn, president of the shire, and the vice-chairs by Messrs T. Bath and James Baird. The guest of the evening sat to the right of the chairman, and was supported by Messrs Joseph Jones, M.L.A., and George Mair, and R. Lewis on the right; and the Revs. Robt. Hamilton, – Steel, and C. L. H. Rupp on his left. Amongst those present were Messrs G. G. Morton, Gilchrist, S. Morrison, and Hy. Cuthbert. The usual loyal toasts having been disposed of, the Chairman proposed – “The Health of the Guest.” He remarked that if their guest had had any shortcomings he would have spoken to them. They had nothing but good to say of the Learmonth family. (Applause.) He had read of the pioneers of Ballarat, but the real pioneers were those who pierced the country right through to the gold-fields, and to the Messrs Learmonth, who thirty-five years ago penetrated the desolate wilds of the Ballarat district. He had known the Learmonths for fourteen years, and to his personal knowledge that well-known family had obtained wealth in the district and colony, and with that wealth they had dealt in unbounded liberality towards their fellow men. The liberality of the Learmonths was so well known that he needed scarcely to speak of it to them. The Learmonths had, by a providential hand, been blessed with wealth, and this had been bestowed upon a family who did not benefit their fellow men in a niggardly manner. They spend their money right and left in the district, every charitable institution and every cause had been supported freely by the Learmonths. Each member of the family was of the same disposition; no matter what religious body needed assistance the money of the Learmonths was always handed out with a freeness, which contrasted greatly with the close-handed manner of other persons in the district possessing wealth. He wished Mr S. L. Learmonth a good and pleasant journey home. The toast was drunk amidst great applause, three cheers being given for the guest, his family, and the absent members of the family. Mr S. L. Learmonth, who was received with prolonged applause, remarked that he had made it a rule in his life to avoid public dinners and public meetings. Respecting the banquet and its object he remarked that there were two phases to the banquet; the first was that it was a pleasing gathering, and the second a sad one. It was a sad one to him – a very sad one – on account of his having to take leave of a large number of friends who had been dear to him for many years, and the greater period of his life in Australia. But still they could even look at the matter in another light. It had also its happy side, for he could assure them he derived great pleasure in meeting so many friends, and if there was nothing else to enhance this pleasure, the warm remarks of the chairman towards himself and those with whom he had been so long connected, but who were now absent, would do so. Amongst those present he noticed some whom he had known for twenty-five years. They had helped to build up his fortune, and he would look upon them as his friends as long as he lived. He hoped they would never rue the day that Providence introduced them to each other. (Hear, hear.) Not only would he ever cherish the memory of friends whom he had known for so many years, but also the place where he had been for many years was still dear to him. It caused a pang in his heart to leave the spot endeared to him by so many pleasant recollections. He could not cast those recollections away like he would an old garment. They would ever return, reminding him of the happy Australian days and the agreeable associations of his friends in the Learmonth district. (Applause.) The place they were now in, which looked so beautiful, he had known for nearly thirty years, and looking back at the progress it had made, he trusted that it would go on prospering and be what it promised, the model township of Victoria. (Cheers.) He was but a poor speaker, and failed to find words sufficient to express his gratitude to all those kind friends who had lavished upon him such really golden opinions. He reciprocated that kindly feeling. And now the time came, and he felt it keenly, to wish them all a final farewell, and he trusted that prosperity and success would crown their efforts in all their undertakings, (Loud cheering.) On the 20th at noon Mr and Mrs S. L. Learmonth and family left the Ballarat Railway station, having bid a final adieu to Ercildoun and all its surroundings. A number of employees of Mr Learmonth were at the station to say good-bye, and many of them were affected to tears. On the station platform we noticed several prominent Ballarat citizens, amongst who were Messrs Oddie, Bath, J. Jones, W. C. Smith, Claxton, T. D. Wanliss, and R. Lewis. Mr Learmonth and family will take up their temporary residence at Queenscliff. We hear that they will not leave the colony quite so soon as was expected, litigation being like to ensue regarding the sale of the Mount Egerton gold mine.

Learmonth V. Bailey and Loughlin.
A report on Mr Learmonth’s cross-examination.

The Ballarat Star says: – “It is currently reported that Mr Learmonth has offered to re-purchase Ercildoun from the Messrs. Wilson, and that he has offered them £15,000 on their late bargain for this purpose. We are informed that the Lillerie station, near Beaufort, changed hands on Monday, when Mr J. Wilson purchased it from Mr J. N. D. Affleck. The station is private property, and contains about 13,000 acres. The price paid was between £4 7s 6d and £4 10s per acre; the 12,000 sheep, 100 cattle, and horses being taken at a valuation. The dog nuisance is said to be most pronounced on this property, over 500 sheep having been killed or worried upon it last Saturday week.”

Equity Cases.
Learmonth v Bailey.
1874 December 4, 5. Sale of mine-Fraudulent conspiracy –Demurer-Want of Equity-Multifariousness. 1875 February 12, May 5, 6. B., the manager of a Mine belonging to the plaintiffs, sold as agent of the plaintiffs nominally to L., but, as alleged, actually to L., in conjunction with B., W., and E. Subsequently a company was formed by L., B., W., and E., and also two others (Brayton and Davis), to work the Mine, in which all six and none others were shareholders. A bill was filed by the plaintiffs, against the six and the company, to set aside the sale to L.; against the first four on the ground of a fraudulent conspiracy, and against the other two as being trustees, or purchasers with notice. The bill also prayed, as against B. only, for the recovery of the commission paid to him by the plaintiffs on the sale: –

Held by the Full Court, reversing Molesworth, J., on demurrer by the defendants Brayton and Davis and the company, that the bill was not multifarious; but demurer by the same defendants for want of equity allowed.

G. A. Elliot has been instructed to sell by public auction, at Wagga Wagga, on Thursday, the 3rd of September next (the day after the Pastoral Show) 10 Pure Hereford Bulls, ages, from 16 months to 2½ years. The above Bulls are from the renowned Hereford breeders, Messrs. Learmonth, and are all guaranteed by imported bulls out of pure stud cows, which are from imported dams and sires.

For Sale. Annual Draft of Rams. Yanko Station. These Rams are from the best blood in the colonies, including the Ercildoune and best Mudgee flocks, and have been bred with very great care in selection. They have been classed by Mr Jonathan Shaw, and are for sale privately by Samuel Wilson, Esq., Oakleigh, East St. Kilda, Melbourne. Or Mr. Maclean, Yanko Station.

A Few Hours at Ercildoun. Our correspondent writes: –
Excerpts – “It being too hot to ascend the Ercildoun ranges we confined ourselves to the grounds around the house, which were so beautiful to behold, that to proceed further was like being turned out of Paradise. The clump of willows, fully fifty feet high, the group of glorious ferns, and the cool and refereshing waters below and surroundings presented a charming scene that would gladden the heart of an artist to portray. The flowers in the garden were dazzling to the eyes from their vivid and bright colors, though toned down by eery description of pine and other trees and shrubs… Strolling through the paddock, some fine pure merino ews of the Ercildoun breed were pointed out to us, which Mr. Cruickshank stated, Mr. Wilson would not part with for £500 each. There are at present 50,000 sheep on Ercildoun in splendid condition, and free from foot-rot. There is plenty of grass though rain is much needed, the dams getting very low… The exterior of the antique-looking mansion with its well-trimmed ivy called to mind scenes of olden times and a far distant country, the interior befitting any prince or made man. Mr. Wilson contemplates making extensive alterations and improvements to the buildings as well as to the grounds. No wonder it is a muttered remark and surprise that Mr Learmonth should forsake such a lovely spot – a spot which for diversified scenery cannot be easily excelled in this Southern Hemisphere.”

Ercildoune. (From Our Travelling REPORTER.)
On 22nd August, 1873, the Messrs. Learmonth, who had occupied the Ercildoune run since their first settlement upon it in January, 1838, offered it to public competition at Menzies’ Hotel. On that occasion the attendance, it was said, was the largest and most representative of wealth that had ever been congregated at any previous sale in Melbourne. The land was put up at so much per acre, and the purchaser had to take the stock and improvements at a valuation estimate of 47,947 pounds. The bidding for the land started at 5 pounds per acre, and reached 6 pounds 15s., when it was bought in at 9 pounds. It was afterwards bought privately by Mr. Samuel Wilson for a sum that was understood should not be published. It was, however, stated in the papers at the time as amounting to a quarter of a million, including stock and improvements. This sum would place the land, which amounts to 27,000 acres, at about 8 ? pounds per acre. Since the opening of the Ballarat and Beaufort railway, Ercildoune is made easily accessible, lying, as it does, within three or four miles of the Burrumbeet station. Travellers in this direction are familiar with the appearance of the country on each side of the line along the thirteen miles that separate Ballarat from Burrumbeet – open volcanic plains, thickly studded with farms ; numerous bare volcanic hills, and on either hand, the two broad shallow lakes named respectively Burrumbeet and Learmonth. The line runs almost a westerly course from Ballarat, and at Burrumbeet the farms cease and the sheep stations begin. On the left, or to the west, southwards, and south-west, the prospect sweeps away in open plains towards Mount Emu, the Colac and Portland Bay country, embracing an area of 140 mies by about 130, almost entirely occupied for pastoral purposes. On the right the southern fence of Ercildoune bounds the Learmonth farming settlement just above the lake. From the Burrumbeet railway station the road to Ercildoune passes through a level paddock, in which the indigenous timber has been trimmed so as to form a beautiful park. Running parallel with the line, at a distance of about four miles, in this direction, a broken and picturesque range rises, the highest peak of which, standing 3000 feet above the level of the sea, bears on the map the name of Mount Misery. This name arose from the intense cold of the camping-place when the Messrs. Learmonth first occupied the district. It was subsequently named Ercildoune from the old keep on the Scottish border, with which the name of the Learmonths’ ancestor, Thomas the Rhymer, was associated. At the foot of the base of this range, as it is approached from the line, is situated the residence, grounds, garden, orchard, manager’s house, men’s buildings, woolshed, sheepwash and a number of small paddocks laid down with grasses. The grounds round the residence are very beautiful. The proximity of the elevated land northward has given the whole estate an abundant supply of water by means of springs, and this has been taken advantage of in the formation of several artificial lakes, around the banks of which willows of great size and age contrast with grand effect among tree ferns and the coniferae, of which a large and fine variety are tastefully arranged. The manner in which the grounds have been laid out, so as to give a different kind of view from the various windows of the residence, reflects the highest credit on the taste of the designer. Mr. Wilson purposes building a magnificent new mansion, the present not being sufficiently large. Passing across the range to the northwards some idea of the wonderful richness of this estate is obtained. It is found to consist of volcanic mound and valley in continual succession. The run appears, indeed, to be the centre of the great volcanic disturbance from which the surrounding rich country had its origin. From any of the mounts splendid views are obtained, and perhaps it would be difficult to find another estate on which an equal variety of natural advantages could be found. To the southward, beaneath the house, the run extends in rich alluvial flats, naturally formed for irrigation from the springs in the higher land to the north, and from which an unlimited supply of water is always available. To the eastward, lying round the central peak, the country rolls in valleys, which are covered with timber for shelter in summer, and presenting by the frequent mounds complete protection from the cutting winds and rain of winter. Then on the central peak, whivch is thickly clad with timber, and rugged with outcropping masses of granite, all the advantages of a highland shooting-box may be obtained, the paddock round the peak having been set apart for a herd of deer. Here, and in other parts of the estate also, various kinds of game are conserved, and in the artificial lakes salmon trout and other fish are propagated. Since Mr. Wilson purchased the estate he has extended the improvements very largely in various directions. In subdivision alone he has more than doubled the number of paddocks. This he has found necessary, not only for the purposes of carrying out the requisite drafting required on a run devoted to the breeding of first-class sheep, but also for economical purposes ; the paddocks being reduced in size causes the country to do more. Sheep, when they have unlimited range, will not eat the feed of the stronger pastures, and much of this used to go to waste by being allowed to dry up and be trampled down afterwards. The 27,000 acres of the estate are now divided into 60 paddocks, with 120 miles of wire and post and rail fencing, costing from 50 pounds to 99 pounds per mile. The total number of sheep on the run at present is 46,000, all of which are the large-carcased merino, with the dense fleeces of long, lustrous and fine stapled wool for which the Ercildoune sheep have now for so many years been famed. The altitude above the sea gives a climate which appears to be peculiarly suited to the growth of the fleece, and the soil is also in the highest degree suitable. The pure flock, or what may be called the pedigree sheep, numbers about 5,500, and the great care bestowed on it during thirty years in the way of selection has resulted in a remarkable uniformity of quality and weight of fleece. This flock Mr. Wilson paid 30,000 pounds for to Messrs. Learmonth, and it is scarcely necessary to add that there has been no depreciation in the character of the flock since it changed owners. Mr. Wilson has introduced a system of ear-marking high class sheep so as to enable him to separate the progeny of any remarkable animal ; and this is a great aid to selection in improving the stock. The numbering is done by the different combinations of certain marks, of which full particulars are given by Mr. Wilson in his work on the Angora goat. By its means numeration up to 10,000 can be done simply and without complication. The average weight of the total clip, exclusive of lambs, has reached 3lb. 12oz. washed wool. The highest price ogtained last February was 3s. 10½ d. per lb……. one paragraph on prices is hard to read……

The woolshed is fitted up so that the yarding and shearing is effected in the most handy manner. A feature in Mr. Wilson’s management is the use of the best and latest appliances for saving labor in all departments of work, and for doing everything in the best manner. In pressing the wool, for instance, which is done by one of Wilding’s patent presses, the heavy work of raising and depressing the screw, which is naturally performed by hand, is managed by the application of machinery worked by a horse. The arrangements for washing the sheep are among the most important of Mr. Wilson’s improvements. They consist of a four-spout hot-water wash, erected at a cost of 400 pounds. The spouts are supplied with water at a pressure of fourteen feet. This water is brought by pies from a dam above the house, which is in turn supplied from a large lagoon situated between the hills at a height above the station of about 400 feet. From this lagoon water is also lain on to the residence, and for irrigating the grounds. Pipes also convey water to supply the sheepwash boilers, and to an appliance by which the sheep are subjected to a shower bath in the yards before entering the wash. But perhaps the most important improvement on the place is the arrangements for keeping the sheep clean after they are washed. On many establishments where spoutwashing is adopted, the utmost perfection in snow white washing is obtained, but the sheep become soiled in travelling over the dusty ground, first to their drying paddocks, and then to the shed. On Ercildoune the sheepwash is built close alongside the woolshed, and from the wash seven triangular-shaped paddocks, varying from 80 to 120 acres in extent, radiate. Gates into each of those paddocks open from the wash, and the sheep from the time of leaving the water are not disturbed till required for shearing. Three days are usually required for drying. From each of these paddocks again gates open direct on to the battened receiving yard of the woolshed, so that when a flock is required it is quietly driven over the closely-matted sward of its paddock direct to the shearing floor, without the slightest contact with dust. About sixty hands are employed at shearing time, and from thirty to forty during the rest of the year. These are employed as boundary riders, and in the various improvements going on, including the laying down of grasses. A large number of hands are required for the working of such a station as Ercildoune through the necessity for the larger amount of drafting and handling of the sheep required as compared with runs where superior breeding is not carried on. About 1,500 acres altogether are already laid down with grasses, and preparations are being made for increased improvement in this direction. The sorts used are one bushl rye-grass mixed with one pound each of Yorkshire fog, white and red clover, Lucerne, Timonthy, and prairie grass. In addition to the 46,000 sheep kept, the breeding of pure Hereford cattle is also carried on to some extent. The herd number 246, including a large proportion of very fine cows by Launcelot and Druid. The present stud bull of the herd is Pendragon (imported) by the Colonel by Litchfield (2597), dam Gypsey by Young Cyrips (2323), from whom a very promising lot of young stock has been obtained. As Mr. Wilson does not reside at Ercildoune, the immediate management of the estate is carried on by Mr. Cruickshanks, a gentleman whose ability in all matters concerning the management of stock is only equaled by the courtesy for which he is known among the very many who at one time or other visit Ercildoune.

Our Learmonth correspondent writes: – “Sir Samuel Wilson, with his lady and family, and their household attendants, arrived at Burrumbeet by special train on Christmas eve, en route for Ercildoun station. Carriages and buggies from the estate were waiting the arrival of the train to convey them the rest of the journey, about six miles through the estate, to the mansion. The inhabitants around the district of Ercildoun will no doubt be pleased to hear of their safe arrival for a short stay on the estate, as they generally add a little life from time to time by their presence in and through the district.”

Summary of News. “Atticus” in the Melbourne Leader, says: –
“When Mr. Learmonth sold his fine property of Ercildoun for a quarter of a million of money, ‘they said that it was with the intention of investing the proceeds at home, and spending the remainder of his days in aristocratic ease, and in the society of those whom so worthy a man, or man worth so much (the phrases have the same meaning in the eyes of the world), might know with propriety. But I hear that Mr. Learmonth means to do nothing of the kind. His quarter of a million is being expended in the purchase of land in Riverina. He will buy in, as before, at the Government price, and when, in the course of time, by settlement and population, his acres become worth five or six times what he paid for them, sell out for a million or two. It is, on the whole, rather a wasteful way on the part of the two colonies of giving opportunities to a few men of becoming millionaires.”

Legal News. The Great Egerton Mining Case. Excerpts – Considerable interest was manifested at the Supreme Court on Tuesday on a jury being empanelled to try the issues relegated to them by his Honour Mr. Justice Molesworth, the judge of the Equity Court, in the now famous mining suit Learmonth v. Bailey and others. No little anxiety was displayed by those gentlemen who had been summoned to attend as jurors, for it was well known that once they were empanelled the twelve good men and true would have but little chance of being able to look after their own affairs for at least ten days or a fortnight. The action, it will be remembered, is to recover possession of a mine at Egerton, which the plaintiffs, Learmonth Brothers, late of Ercildoun, allege they were induced to sell for £13,500, by the fraudulent misrepresentations of the defendant, William Bailey, who was the manager of the claim. After the sale the mine suddenly began to yield gold to a far greater extent than it had done before, and several other persons, beside Bailey and Loughlin, became partners in it.

The issues, which the jury has to decide, are as follows: – 1st. Whether the quartz discovered in the mine before or on the 15th September, 1873, was richer in gold than the defendant, Wm. Bailey, represented to the plaintiff, S. L. Learmonth. 2nd. Whether the defendant, Wn. Bailey, made a false representation to the said plaintiff of the value of the quartz in the mine, or of the mine itself, with the intention of inducing the plaintiff to sell it at an under value. 3rd. Whether the plaintiff was induced by such false representation to sell the mine to the defendant, Martin Loughlin, for the sum of £13,500. 4th. Whether there was either on or previously to the 15th September, 1873, an agreement or arrangement between the defendants, Martin Loughlin and Wm. Bailey, that the latter should have a share in the mine after the sale to Martin Loughlin had been concluded. 5th. Whether both the defendants, James Williamson and Owen Edward Edwards, or one of them, knew of the existence of such agreement or arrangement when they bargained to purchase a share in the mine.

General News. It is stated that the expenses in the trial of the case of Learmonth v Bailey will exceed £10,000.

Importation of Arabs – Says “Augur,” of the Australasian – “Mr. Thomas Learmonth ??? arrived from India in the mail steamer, and was accompanied by three Arabian sires. These sons of the desert have been on view at Kirk’s Bazaar, and have attracted great attention. I like best the beautiful grey named Foreigner, a low, lengthy horse, with all the characteristics of an Arab, his head being of the true Arabian type, the forehead broad and intelligent, and the expression mild. He is possessed of plenty of strength, and presents all the appearance of an animal of great stamina. He was, I believe, a great performer on the Indian turf, and was a very favourite stallion in the East. Mr. Learmonth tells me that he had been for three years endeavouring to obtain possession of him, but did not succeed until he last visited Calcutta. In the adjoining box was a good-looking little chestnut with three white feet; his shoulders are superior to what are seen in the generality of Arabs, and I’ve no doubt but that he could go faster than many of this particular breed. The third is also a chestnut, and thought not, in my opinion, so handsome as the grey, he has a large number of friends. Of course these horses have not yet quite recovered from the effects of their voyage, but when they do they will present a far different appearance to what they do now.”

Hood & Co.’s Sheep-Dipping Composition. Price One Shilling Per Pound. Important Testimonials include mention of the Messrs. Learmonth, late of Ercildoun, who used it extensively for many years and in their opinion “it improved the wool, both in texture and weight.” Also on Sale – Strychnine, Sullphur, Soft Soap, Arsenic, Corrosive Sublimate, Saltpetre, Potashes, Down’s Farmers’ Friend the best dressing to Seed Wheat, Carbolic Acid, specially prepared for the cure of Foot-rot, Wound Stone, Disinfecting Powder, Epsom Salts, Horse Powders, Ball and Blisters, Carbolic Acid, Booth’s Fluke Specific, an Unfailing Remedy, Rock Salt, Annatto, for Butter and Cheese Colouring, Butter of Antimony, Kerosene, Florida Water, Eau de Cologne, Benzine, Chlorodyne, Quinine Wine, Sarsparilla.

Publications and Literature. The Yeoman Department of the Australasian of Saturday, December 2, contained a report on the Ercildoune Sheep at Skipton. The copy of the above publication dated January 27, also included a report regarding Ercildoun v. Tasmania.

Charitable Acknowledgements. The Treasurer of the City Mission acknowledges receipt of £20, the gift of S. Livingstone Learmonth, Esq.

Except. Sir William Gregory, the Governor of Ceylon, arrived in Melbourne by the P. and O. Co.’s mail steamer a few weeks ago. His Excellency came to Australia to spend a three months’ holiday. During his stay in Melbourne he was the guest of Sir George Bowen, at Government-house. Sir William was taken by his host to see the public institutions and the metropolis. Then followed a trip, by way of Ballarat, to Ercildoun, th estate of Sir Samuel Wilson, and to Woodlands, the residence of Mr. John Wilson. The excursion afforded His Excellency some brief glimpses of the pleasures of bush life in Australia…

Ercldoun Wool. To the Editor of the Australasian. Sir, I copy from your issue of the 5th May the above prices realized in the London sales of 27th February of this year by J. T. Simes and co., and think that you will agree with me that such prices ought to be disentombed from the mass figures you gave in that copy of The Australasian. When I first read in The Argus the telegraphic report that Ercildoun wool had gone up to 5s 0½d per lb., I held my breath in amazement, and feared there was a mistake somehow. I waited patiently for proof – for full account sales, and now we have them; now we are made aware that a bale of wool from this colony has reached the unprecedented, the unparalleled price of 5s 0½ d per lb. Let me further say that from my private advices, I am convinced the sale was bona fide – was genuine. That it was genuine let 35 bales at 3s. 10d. per lb. testify. True, as appeared in your “Rural Topics” of a week ago, the French were the eager purchasers for future exhibition purposes; they became wild with excitement, and the one bale was run up by fierce contending parties. Yet we have the fact that no other wool was so competed for – no other wool sold so highly. Once a single prize bale from the same flock was sold for 4s. 10½ d per lb., but here we have 18 bales of Ercildoun wool sold at 4s 1d., and above, in the regular course of the sales. What a pleasure it is to true lovers of our country to find that the flock which did such great things in the hands of the Messrs. Learmonth should now, under the care of Sir Samuel Wilson reach a higher stage, become more renowned. We may talk of what other flocks will do – shall and must do – but here we have wonderful work done. Here we have the prices actually realized. Other breeders of similar sheep have had wool sold above 4s. per lb., none have ever reached 4s. 4d., but here we have 4s. 6d. and 5s. 0½ d. As a breeder of Australian merino sheep, having no share, no interest of a pecuniary kind in the Ercildoun flock, but a deep interest in it from long association – as a rival breeder – allow me to take off my hat, bow and pay a tribute of respect to the proprietor of the Ercildoun flocks for proving to us – to the whole world – that the Australian merino wool commands the highest of all the high prices in the wool market of the world. Thomas Shaw.

The Ercildoune Flock. Excerpts – The history of the Ercildoune flocks is one that would required longer space than can be here given to it. A historical interest attaches to this celebrated breed of merino sheep, which goes back to the earliest days of the colony. In 1837, when the district was first seen by white men, the Messrs. Learmonth, starting from Mount Aitken to explore the country went by way of Mount Alexander, and followed the Loddon, making for the remarkable peak that they afterwards named Ercildoun… The establishing of annual sales of sheep in Melbourne somewhat interfered with the old supremacy of this flock at Skipton, as the owner objected strongly to artificial feeding of sheep for show or sale ; but finding that judges and buyers gave prizes and high prices to highly-fed sheep, and neglected those that were only grass-fed, he gave additional care to the condition of the sheep offered, with the best resuls, as the high prices obtained at the late sales amply testify. The prices given for Ercildoune rams of late years have far exceeded those of former times, when the maximum price was £100, whereas the present owner has sold many at prices ranging from 100 to 300 guineas each.

Squatting in Riverina. A traveller who has just returned from some of the block country informs us that the want of feed and water in the district is something really appalling. On one station, Groongal, the property of the Messrs. Learmonth, where last year 170,000 sheep were put through the shearing sheds, this season there have been but 76,000, showing a deficit of just 100,000. Go where you will, adds our informant, the blanched skeletons of sheep glisten under the hot sun, while for miles and miles over the plains the stench proceeding from decaying carcasses tells a hideous tale. Station hacks are luxuries now almost unknown in the country described. Horses have been turned loose to fossick up a living as best as they can, and the best of these are scarcely strong enough to carry a saddle, to say nothing of a man in it. The Messrs Learmonth are said to have nearly a hundred hands employed in falling timber, in order to give their stock what nourishment the leaves afford. Such a season has not been experienced for something like twenty years. – Stawell Chronicle.

The Ripon Shire Advocate, 6 April 1878, The South Australia Advertiser, 8 April 1878, The Border Watch (Mount Gambier, SA) 10 April 1878, The Advocate (Melb) 13 April 1878.
Ercildoun. A curious phenomenon has been observed at the Salmon Ponds at Ercildoun. The ponds have been placed near a spring of bright clear water coming out of the side of a volcanic hill called The Cardinal, far up a narrow, rocky picturesque gorge named Rhymer’s Glen. This spring when first observed was found to have a never-ending temperature of 53°F, and this low temperature influenced the choice of this spot for the piscicultural experiments which have been so successful. Some time after the hatching boxes were erected it was noticed (says the Argus) that the temperature of the spring had risen 1-2 degrees, but it was then thought to be owing to the influence of the summer heat. However the water continued to get warmer until the temperature has now risen to 62°F, while the water in the creek close by is only 55-57°F, although the latter is exposed to the sun and air. It is believed the increase in temperature is due to volcanic action in the interior of the hill – which has a well defined crater on its summit, and may possible indicate an approaching period of volcanic activity in a tract of country which shows very marked traces of having been at one time the theatre of extensive volcanic disturbances.

Deaths. Learmonth – On the 30th March, at 45 Gloucester gardens, Hyde-park, London, Louisa, the beloved wife of T. Livingstone Learmonth, formerly of Ercildoun, near Ballarat.

Miscellany. Three hundred Ercildoune rams and a thousand maiden ewes are now travelling up the Riverina for Oondooroo. They are from Groongal, Messrs. Learmonth’s station on the Murrumbidgee.

Town News. Letters have been received by the San Francisco mail, we regret to learn, announcing that Mr. Somerville Learmonth died in London on the 4th August. Mr. Learmonth was an old and respected colonist whose liberality will be long remembered. He was a member of the firm of T. and S. Learmonth, who owned Ercildoun Station, near Ballarat, which they sold some years ago to Sir Samuel Wilson. They were also the proprietors of the Egerton mine, which formed the subject of an equity suit, which excited considerable notice a year or two ago. They were besides largely interested in squatting properties in Riverina. Mr. Somerville Learmonth went to England shortly after the conclusion of the mining suit.

Deaths. Livingstone Learmonth. At London, on the 4th August, Mr Somerville Livingstone Learmonth, formerly of Ercildoun, deeply regretted.

Somerville Livingstone Learmonth’s death was reported in many papers including The Argus, The Sydney Morning Herald, The Border Watch, The Wagga Wagga Advertiser and Riverine Reporter, The Weekly Examiner, The Bacchus Marsh Express, The Australian Town and Country Journal, The Mount Alexander Mail and The Clarence Examiner & Richmond Advertiser New England.

Victorian Notes. Some 12 years ago Mr. Thomas Learmonth, of Ercildoune, when attending an agricultural society dinner here, took occasion, in responding to a toast, to speak of the great acquisition to agriculture of a reaping and binding machine, and said he would be glad to give £20 towards a fund to secure such an invention. Nothing more was heard of the offer till yesterday, when Mr. Morrison, the secretary of the Ballarat Agricultural Society, received a letter by the mail from Mr. Thomas Learmonth, in Scotland, expressing his pleasure at noticing the reported progress made by the society, and especially at observing that the reaper and binder was a success, and enclosing a draft for £20 in fulfillment of the promise he had made 12 years before.

Cuttings. The Ercildoune Flock. You will find in the Argus of yesterday a very interesting account of the Ercildoune flock. Sir Samuel Wilson purchased the estate from the Messrs. Learmonth five years ago. Within that time the yearly clip has risen in value from £12,413 to £16,264, and the value of the wool from 3s 3½d per lb. to 4s 9½d per lb. Last year it brought 5s 0½d per lb. Here be your pastoral princes, with their multitudinous flocks of pure merinos. Melbourne Correspondent Courier.

Intercolonial News in Brief. Messrs. T. and S. Learmonth, of Groongal, have sold to Mr. A. G. Jones 128 two-tooth Ercildoune rams.

Sales of Stock in Victoria. From the Age – Colac Sales. Excerpt -Mr. Gibson, of Messrs. Fisken and Gibson, also offered some Herefords from Messrs. T. and S. Learmonth’s estate at Ercildoun, but there were no buyers, the breed being evidently out of favour. Notwithstanding the bad prices, the vendors viewed the matter in a most cheerful manner, and were evidently determined to keep the faith with the public. There was no reserve, and every beast offered was knocked down to the highest bidder.

Messrs. Hastings Cuningham and Co.’s Wool Show. Excerpt – The 50 ewes’ fleeces shown by Messrs. T. and S. Learmonth, of Groongal, Hay, N. S.W., show what rapid advances are being made by the stockowners in Riverina. This wool shows an average value of 8s. 1½d. per fleece. The entry show that the sheep from which it was taken are bred from the Old Ercildoune stud flock. The merino wethers’ wool shown by Mr. John Wilson, of Gala, has attracted much attention as high-class wool. The exhibition will be kept open till Wednesday next, when all the samples sent in for competition will be sold by public auction.

Under the Verandah. At the Deniliquin Pastoral Show Sir Samuel Wilson was disqualified from being a prize taker because the wool he exhibited was not of one year’s growth but of two. Sir Samuel, it is true, is in England, but his manager would, I scarcely think, have dared to have done this unless he had been acting under higher instructions. I remember some time ago Sir Samuel was asked through the columns of a newspaper what means he had employed to breed such fine stock at Ercildoun. Now Ercildoun had not been very long in his possession, and any credit as to the breed of the sheep was due to the former owner, Mr. Learmonth. Sir Samuel, however, in a letter appropriated the compliment paid to himself, and answered the question. He said that a celebrated painter was once asked how he contrived to mix his colors with such brilliant effect, and that his answer was, “With brains, sir!” Now Sir Samuel Wilson has obtained many prizes for wool, and it becomes a question if the tactics employed at Deniliquin were resorted to on other former occasions. He may look upon this sort of thing as evidence of “brains,” but I think honest men will put a different interpretation upon it. I suppose, when Sir Samuel took the sole credit for introducing Californian salmon into Australian waters, until the tardy acknowledgement was forced from him that a New Zealand gentleman who supplied him gratuitously with ova was entitled really to more praise than himself, that this was also an evidence of the possession of “brains.”

The Ercildoune Flocks article…